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N. P. Dharmadhikari ¹, A. P. Rao ², S. S. Pimplikar ³, A. G. Kharat ⁴, S. D. Aghav ⁵, D. C. Meshram ⁶, S. D. Kulkarni ⁷, B. B. Jain ⁸

Affiliations
1 Dept. of Applied Physics, JSPM'S Jayawantrao Sawant College of Eng., Hadapsar, Pune-28, IN
2 Dept. of Electronic &Telecommunication, JSPM'S Jayawantrao Sawant College of Eng., Hadapsar, Pune-28, IN
3 Dept. of Civil Eng., Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Kothrud, Pune-38, IN
4 Dept. of Civil Eng., Sinhgad Academy of Eng., Kondhwa (Bk.) Pune-48, IN
5 Dept. of Physics, Baburaoji Gholap College, Sangavi, Pune-27, IN
6 Dept. of Geology, University of Pune, Pune-7, IN
7 Dept. of Environmental Science, New Arts Commerce & Sciences College Ahmednagar-414001, IN
8 Jayawantrao Sawant college of Pharmacy and Research, Hadapsar, Pune-28, IN

Abstract

The energy emitted by the earth at a specific surface location which affects the normal human body function is termed as geopathic stress (GS). Empirical knowledge of the existence of geopathic stress is probably as old as mankind. However, scientific investigation about effect of GS on human system is an area of research. The aim of this work is to study the effect of geopathic stress on human system by recording blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR). The observation indicates the change in blood pressure and heart rate in geopathic stress zones as compared to nonstress zones.

Keywords

Geopathic Stress Zone, Blood Pressure, Heart Rate

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M. K. Tripathi ¹, S. Mangaraj ¹, S. K. Giri ¹, R. Singh ¹, S. D. Kulkarni ¹

Affiliations
1 Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal M.P., IN

Abstract

Tofu whey is the liquid waste in tofu production industries, contains valuable compounds such as non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO), which promote the growth of beneficial lactic acid bacteria in the colon and is currently discarded by the food industry. Tofu whey was reported that it was used as a growth medium for the production of lactic starters and substituting for expensive basal medium for the production of L- Lactic acid by lactic acid bacteria. In this study, fermented tofu whey (TW), a by-product of tofu industry was investigated for the preparation of tofu, micro flora and chemical changes of TW during tofu whey fermentation. The gel properties of tofu coagulated with fermented TW were also studied. During the fermentation stages the change of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was found. The pH value, protein, carbohydrate, organic acid changes during the production of fermented tofu whey were studied. It was found that the pH value of acidic whey had a significant effect on coagulation properties of TW tofu. The microbiological findings in this study have clearly demonstrated the presence of the high counts of LAB investigated and a large amount L-lactic acid produced by LAB must have act as the main tofu coagulant.

Keywords

Tofu Whey, Antioxidant, Coagulant, Fermentation,LAB

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S. D. Kulkarni

Abstract

The character of money-lending was radically changed some years after the advent of the British rule. Some of these changes affected the agriculturists in various ways. The unrest of the agriculturists collsequent upon these was expressed in the Deccan Riots in 1875. A series of Acts were passed to mitigate the adverse effects of UD~ cted money-lending practices in vogue in 1875. These Acts were mainly intended for the riot affected districts of Poona, Sholapur, Satara and Ahmednagar, then called the Deccan Districts. All these Acts were called the Deccan Agriculturists' Relief Acts. This note tries to summarise the main provisions of these Acts.

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Ranjeet Singh ¹, S. K. Giri ¹, S. D. Kulkarni ¹, R. Ahirwar ¹

Affiliations
1 Agro-Produce Processing Division, Central Institute of Agricultural Engineering, Bhopal (M.P.), IN

Abstract

Accurate measurement of respiration rate is an important aspect in designing and operating systems such as controlled and modified atmosphere storage that will extend the shelf life of the perishable produce. The respiration rate and respiratory quotient of fresh mature green mango CV. Mallika were determined under closed system at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 33°C (ambient) temperatures. The respiration rate based on carbon dioxide production in aerobic condition decreased about 20 per cent relative to air atmosphere. However, the oxygen consumption sharply reduced to 25-30 per cent relative to air atmosphere at 25°C temperature. The results suggest that, the respiration rate of mango increased with temperature and decrease with storage time. Results of the study can be applied to the MAP design for extending shelf life of mango.

Keywords

Mango Fruit, Physico-Chemical Properties, Respiration Rate, Respiratory Quotient.

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S. K. Albert ¹, T. P. S. Gill ¹, V. Ramasubbu ¹, S. D. Kulkarni ²

Affiliations
1 Materials Development Division, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, IN
2 Indian Institute of Technology, Mumbai-400 076, IN

Abstract

In this paper results obtained from diffusible hydrogen (HJ measurement and hydrogen assisted cracking susceptibility (HAC) of three different Cr-Mo steel welds are discussed. H₀ measurements were carried out using a gas chromatograph and HAC susceptibility studies using the ur-modified hydrogen sensitivity test (UT-Modified HST). Specimens for both these studies were prepared by employing identical welding parameters. Results showed that with increase in alloy content the cracking susceptibility of the steel increased while H₀ content in the weld decreased. The decrease in the H₀ content is explained based on decrease in the apparent diffusivity and increase in the apparent solubility of hydrogen with alloy content. These are in turn attributed to increase in the density of hydrogen traps with alloy content. Regression analysis of the results showed that it is possible to predict the safe preheat temperature for the steel from the composition if H₀ content in the weld is known.

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S. K. Albert ¹, T. P. S. Gill ¹, P. Rodriguez ¹, S. L. Mannan ¹, S. D. Kulkarni ²

Affiliations
1 Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam, IN
2 Indian Institute of Technology, Powai, Mumbai, IN

Abstract

Hardness variation in the Cr-Mo steel weld metal as a function of Cr content and weld cooling rate was studied Chromium in the weld metal was varied by adding known amount of high purity Cr into the weld pool produced by a stationary arc. The cooling rate of the weld was measured by plunging W-Rh thermocouple in to the weld pool just at the time of extinguishing the arc and measuring the variation in temperature as a function of time using a X-t recorder. The microstructural studies revealed that in the low Cr steels the structure varied from fully martensitic to a mixture of bainite and martensite as the weld cooling rate decreased while for weld metal with Cr content higher than 5 wt% the structure remained fully martensitic irrespective of the cooling rate. The measured hardness of the weld metal for different Cr contents and cooling rates was compared with that predicted by Yurioka's and Hart's formulae. It was found that Yurioka’s formula can be used to predict the hardness of the weld metal with reasonable accuracy. It was further noticed that there is a reduction in the maximum hardness at Cr content above 5wt% and it is attributed to the presence of delta ferrite in the weld metal.

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S. K. Albert ¹, T. P. S. Gill ¹, V. Ramasubbu ¹, F. C. Parida ¹, S. D. Kulkarni ²

Affiliations
1 Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, Kalpakkam 603 102, IN
2 Dept, of Met, Engg. and Mat, Sci., l.l.T. Powai, Mumbai 400 076, IN

Abstract

Hydrogen Assisted Cracking Susceptibility of 2.25Cr-1Mo steel was studied using UT-Modified Hydrogen Sensitivity Test (UT-Mod. HST). Welding was carried out using GTAW process and hydrogen was introduced into the weld metal by mixing it with argon shielding gas. Autogenous bead-on-plates were made on specimens fixed on a copper fixture and the specimens were strained for 4% strain immediately after welding for 24 hrs and checked for cracks. Preheating during welding was achieved by heating the copper fixture and the minimum preheat temperature required to prevent cracking for known vol.% of hydrogen in the shielding gas found out. Diffusible hydrogen content (H₀,) in the specimen prepared under identical conditions employed for testing was measured using Gas Chromatograph Weld cooling cun/es were obtained by plunging a thermocouple into the molten weld pool and cooling time (t_8/5)was estimated from the curves. Variation in weld metal hardness and microstructure was also studied. The results showed that both minimum preheat temperature and (H₀) content increased with hydrogen in the shielding gas. Preheating results in reduction in (H₀) content but does not affect the hardness indicating that cracking is prevented due to reduction in (H₀) content in the weld prepared with preheating. The results show that it is possible to choose an optimum preheat temperature to prevent cracking if (H₀) level in the weld is known.

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